Top 10 Must learn Programming language in 2021.

*) Which programming language should I learn first in 2021?

*) Which programming language will be most useful in the future?

*) Which are the top 10 programming languages?

Cool.....Cool.....My dear friends, I know these are the questions that running in your mind. If you’re new to the field of software development, the toughest part of learning programming is deciding where to begin. If you really facing the same problem ? Then your at the right place, Here you will get the solution for all this problem. Come on guys let's get started...!

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1. Python Programming language

The python language is one of the most accessible programming languages available because it has simplified syntax and not complicated, which gives more emphasis on natural language. Due to its ease of learning and usage, python codes can be easily written and executed much faster than other programming languages. Python is a widely-used, interpreted, object-oriented, and high-level programming language with dynamic semantics, used for general-purpose programming.

 Python  was created by Guido van Rossum, and first released on February 20, 1991.

Advantages :

• Very easy to use and learn
• Wide-ranging library support
• User-friendly Data Structures
• Improved Programmer’s Productivity
• Open-source programming language, so anyone can contribute to its development 

Disadvantages :

• Do not support mobile computing
• Slower by virtue of being an interpreted programming language
• Underdeveloped Database Access Layers
• Difficulty in Using Other Languages

Companies Using Python :-

• Google
• Facebook
• Instagram
• Spotify
• Quora
• Netflix
• Dropbox
• Reddit,  among many other.

2. PHP

PHP is a server side scripting language. That is used to develop Static websites or Dynamic websites or Web applications. PHP stands for Hypertext Pre-processor, that earlier stood for Personal Home Pages. PHP scripts can only be interpreted on a server that has PHP installed. 

PHP  was created by Rasmus Lerdorf   and it was introduced in 1994.

Stable release : 8.0.1 / 7 January 2021.

PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. It introduce dynamic changes to websites and it makes web applications more interactive. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, Oracle,  Microsoft SQL Server and many other.

Advantages : 

• Easy and Simple to Learn
• Extremely Flexible
• Easy Integration and Compatibility
• Efficient Performance
• Cost-Efficient
• Gives Web Developer More Control

Disadvantages :

• It is not suitable for giant content-based web applications.
• It has a weak type, which can cause incorrect data and knowledge to user.
• Using more features of PHP framework and tools cause poor performance of online applications.
• PHP don’t allow change or modification in core behavior of online applications.
• It is not that secure due to its open-source, because the ASCII text file are often easily available.

Companies Using PHP :-

• Facebook
• Wikipedia
• Tumblr
• Slack
• MailChimp
• Wordpress,  among many other.

3. Kotlin 

Kotlin is an open-source statically typed programming language that targets the JVM, Android, JavaScript and Native. It’s developed by JetBrains. The project started in 2010 and was open source from very early on. The first official 1.0 release was in February 2016. 

The currently released version is 1.4.21, published on December 7, 2020.

Is Kotlin free?

Yes. Kotlin is free, has been free and will remain free. It is developed under the Apache 2.0 license and the source code is available on GitHub.

Advantages : 

• It's Completely Interoperable With Java
• It's (way) More Concise Than Java
• Safer Code
• It Comes With a Smarter and Safer Compiler
• It's Easier to Maintain
• It's Been Created to Boost Your Productivity

Disadvantages :

• Fewer Kotlin Experts
• Slower Compilation Speed
• Small Developer Community
• Limited Learning Resources

Companies Using PHP :-

• Google
• Amazon
• Netflix
• Pinterest
• Uber, among many other.

4. JAVA

Java is a class-based, object-oriented and high-level  programming language. Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX/Linux like HP-Unix, Sun Solaris, Redhat Linux, Ubuntu, CentOS, etc. Java uses Just-In-Time compiler to enable high performance. Just-In-Time compiler is a program that turns Java bytecode, which is a program that contains instructions that must be interpreted into instructions that can be sent directly to the processor.

Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in the year of 1991 which has been acquired oracle.

First appeared :  May 23, 1995; 25 years ago

Stable release :  Java SE 15 / September 15, 2020

Most often Java is used to build large enterprise class applications :

• Mobile Application
• Desktop GUI Applications.
• Web-based Applications. 
• Enterprise Applications.
• Scientific Applications.
• Gaming Applications.
• Big Data technologies.
• Business Applications.

Advantages : 

• Object-oriented programming
• High-level language with simple syntax and a mild learning curve
• Platform-independency (Write Once Run Anywhere)
• Distributed language for easy remote collaboration
• Automatic memory management
• Multithreading
• Stability and massive community

Disadvantages :

• Slow
• Not Attractive Look
• No backup Facility
• Requires Memory Space
• Complex Codes
• Paid the commercial license
• Verbose and complex code

Companies Using Java :-

• Uber
• Airbnb
• Google
• Pinterest
• Netflix
• Instagram
• Spotify
• Amazon, among many other.

5.  R Programming Language

R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. The R language is widely used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software and data analysis. This programming language was named R, based on the first letter of first name of the two R authors (Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka).

• Designed by Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka.

• R Works best  on UNIX, Windows and MacOS

The App's of  R Programming language Present in :

• Data science field
• statistical computing field
• Machine Learning field 

Advantages : 

• Open Source
• Exemplary Support for Data Wrangling
• The Array of Packages
• Quality Plotting and Graphing
• Platform Independent
• Eye-Catching Reports
• Machine Learning Operations
• Statistics
• Continuously Growing

Disadvantages :

• Weak Origin
• Basic Security
• Complicated Language
• Lesser Speed
• Spread Across various Packages

Companies Using R Programming Language :- 

• ANZ 
• Google
• Firefox
• BOA
• LinkedIn
• Flipkart
• Amazon, among many other.

6.  Swift 

Swift is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm, compiled programming language developed by Apple Inc. and the open-source community, first released in 2014. Swift was developed as a replacement for Apple's earlier programming language Objective-C.

First appeared : June 2, 2014; 6 years ago

Stable release : 5.3.1 / November 13, 2020 

Advantages : 

• Rapid development process
• Easier to scale the product and the team
• Improved safety and performance
• Decreased memory footprint
• Interoperability with Objective-C
• Automatic memory management
• Full stack potential and cross-device support
• Vibrant open source community and learnability

Disadvantages :

• The language is still quite young
• Limited talent pool
• Poor interoperability with third-party tools and IDEs
• Lack of support for earlier iOS versions

Companies Using Swift Programming Language :- 

• Uber
• Slack
• Robinhood
• Lyft
• Delivery Hero
• Alibaba Travels
• Accenture
• Wishlist, among many other.

7.  JavaScript 

JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification. JavaScript is high-level, often just-in-time compiled, and multi-paradigm. It has curly-bracket syntax, dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions. JavaScript the most popular programming language for the web development. Highly interactive website and web apps are provided by the JavaScript.

• First appeared: December 4, 1995.

• Stable release: ECMAScript 2020 / June 2020.

Advantages : 

• Less server interaction
• Immediate feedback to the visitors
• Increased interactivity
• Richer interfaces 
• Interoperability
• Extended Functionality
• Versatility 

Disadvantages :

• Client-Side Security
• Browser Support
• File will Download on client machine so anyone can read the code and reuse it.

Companies Using JavaScript :- 

• Microsoft
• PayPal
• Netflix
• Groupon
• Facebook
• Google
• eBay
• Walmart
• LinkedIn, among many other.

8.  C++ 

C++ is a powerful general-purpose programming language. It can be used to develop operating systems, browsers, games, and so on. C++ supports different ways of programming like procedural, object-oriented, functional, and so on. This makes C++ powerful as well as flexible.

• C++ is a general-purpose programming language created by Bjarne Stroustrup as an extension of the C programming language.

• C++ was originally called 'C with classes.  

 

Advantages : 

• Portability
• Object-oriented
• Multi-paradigm
• Low-level Manipulation
• Memory Management
• Large Community Support
• Compatibility with C
• Scalability

Disadvantages :

• Use of Pointers
• Security Issue
• Absence of Garbage Collector
• Absence of Built-in Thread

Companies Using C++ :- 

• Evernote
• LinkedIn
• Microsoft
• Opera
• NASA
• Facebook
• Microsoft
• Google , among many other.

9.  Go 

Go is a statically typed, compiled programming language designed at Google by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. Go is syntactically similar to C, but with memory safety, garbage collection, structural typing, and CSP-style concurrency. Go is an open source programming language that makes it easy to build simple, reliable, and efficient software. 

• First appeared: November 10, 2009

• Stable release: 1.15.4 / November 5, 2020

Advantages : 

• Golang Is Fast
• Golang Is Easy To Learn
• Golang Is Well-Scaled
• Comprehensive Programming Tools
• Growing Pool Of Talent

Disadvantages :

• Time Consuming
• It’s A Young Language 
• Golang Doesn’t Support Generic Functions

Companies Using Golang :- 

• Google
• Uber
• Twitch
• Dailymotion
• SendGrid
• Dropbox
• SoundCloud, among many other.

10.  C#

C# is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language encompassing static typing, strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented, and component-oriented programming disciplines. Two decades after its creation, C# continues to be one of the most popular and widely used programming languages in the world. Favored by millions for its versatility and easy-to-read syntax, the programming language has quickly become a go-to for web and mobile apps, game development, business applications and more.

Advantages : 

• Offers proper lambda and generics support
• Backed by Microsoft Corporation
• Language Integrated Query (LINQ)
• Easy extension methods
• Automatic garbage collection
• Properties with getting/set methods
• Automated memory management
• Backward Compatibility

Disadvantages :

• Poor x-platform GUI
• C# is an internal part of the .NET framework so the server running the application must be windows based.
• C# is less flexible as it mostly depends on the .Net framework.

Companies Using C# :-

• Delivery Hero.
• Alibaba Travels.
• Accenture.
• Microsoft.
• Stack Overflow, among many other.

That's all for now folks! I hope I have explained it well. In case of any queries, just reach out to me by commenting below. 🙂

Take care, and I'll talk to you guys soon!

Peace.